The basis of the photographic camera existed for many years before the invention of photography; Aristotle and Euclid in the 5th and 4th centuries BC described how the needle hole camera worked. In ancient Greece, it was believed that light shone from the eye towards objects and its reflection caused sight.
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What is photography and what does it do?
Photography means capturing and creating an image that is done in two steps: first, taking the image with the camera and recording it on a negative (film) or electronic image receiver, and second, revealing the hidden image of the camera and stabilizing it.
In this process, receiving and recording light on a light-sensitive surface, such as a negative or image receiver, causes light patterns reflected or emitted from objects to affect the light-sensitive surface (silver chloride or receiver) and causes images to be captured.
Photography has three aspects: scientific, industrial, and artistic; It was born as a scientific phenomenon, expanded as an industry, and established itself as an art.
the first optical lithographic image was produced in 1822 by the French inventor Joseph Nissefour Niepce, who later created a permanent photograph of nature called the Stables and Pigeon House. He and Louis Daguerre experimented with silver compounds based on the findings of Johann Heinrich Schultz, and in 1837 Daguerre invented the Daguerreotype method.
The theory of tricolor color photography was proposed by James Clerk Maxwell in 1855. According to his theory, visible light is composed of three basic colors red, green, and blue. So he made a film of three layers, each layer of which was sensitive to one of the three primary colors, and was able to capture the first color photograph in 1861.
In 1884, George Eastman invented the film Roll, a film made of plastic impregnated with gelatinous emulsion, and with the construction of the box camera in 1888, photography became affordable for ordinary people and revolutionized photography. Edwin Land invented the analog camera called the Polaroid Camera, which printed the printed version of the photo immediately after it was taken and was viewed a minute later, and in newer models, a few seconds later.
In analog photography, all measures, including color, light, and contrast, must be done before exposure. Because not much can be done about it almost after the exposure of the film. Emergence in photography means exposing the photographic film or photographic paper to chemicals that turn the film into a (negative) or (slide) image, or paper into a photograph, while digital photography into the process of capturing images by receiving and recording light on a surface sensitive to light is called an electronic sensor. Optical patterns reflected or emitted from objects affect the light-sensitive surface of the sensor and cause images to be captured.
History of Photography
Photography has not been discovered and completed by one person but is the result of the efforts of many people in various fields and their discoveries and innovations throughout history.
The basis of the photographic camera existed for many years before the invention of photography; Aristotle and Euclid in the 5th and 4th centuries BC described how the needle-hole camera worked. In ancient Greece, it was believed that light shone from the eye towards objects and its reflection caused sight. Aristotle and Euclid tried to prove otherwise by using the needle hole theory; They placed semi-opaque screens behind the needle-hole cameras so that the reflected image could be seen with the naked eye. In the sixth century AD, Antonius used a dark camera in his experiments.
Ibn Haytham developed the needle-hole camera theory and used a device called a “dark box” in his observations of the solar eclipse.
For the first time, he used a needle-hole camera and a darkroom camera in his experiments to study the properties of light.
Albertus Magnus discovered silver nitrate in the 13th century and George Fabricius silver chloride. And in 1568, Daniel Barbaro described how the aperture worked and how the lens was used in a darkroom camera.
In 1694, Wilhelm Homberg explained how light darkens some chemicals, and in 1802, Thomas Vaughn of England was able to obtain a clear image of silver nitrate-sensitive surfaces.
The darkroom led to the evolution of photography and the advent of the camera. A dark room is a windowless room with only one hole in one of the walls of the room and no light entering.
Images of landscapes in front of the hole are reflected upside down on the wall in front of it, which is visible. Some painters used reflected images as a painting pattern.
This darkroom was later converted into a smaller camera, where light-sensitive material was placed in front of a hole to capture the reflected image.
Types of photography
- Architectural
- inanimate objects
- Astro photography
- Sports
- portrait
- Nature
- Wildlife
- Landscape
- Photojournalism
- Night
- Macro
- fashion photography
Photography efficiency
Undoubtedly, today photography has various applications in human life, recording memorable moments in life and families, application ineffective advertising affairs in the aerospace industry, application in influential medical sciences in the field of sports and thousands of other benefits …